Electrical control apparatus



- M. WISSJNGER.

ELECTRICAL CONTROL APPARATUS.

AH? 0. 1 124,702. Patented Aug. 1, 1922.

AIL/C1172! A 1 /7a M ss/bier" UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAX WISSINGER, OF ESSEN, GERlVIANY,.ASSIGNCR TO FRIED. KRUPP AKTIENGESELL- SCHAFT, 0F ESSEN-ON-THE-R-UHR, GERMANY.

' Ell-Tilt.-IJRICAL CONTROL APPARATUS.

Tication of Letters Patent. jPgfl nfigd- A115), 1, 1922,

Application filed September 8, 1920. Serial No; 468,958.

To all whom it nuig 001 20 2,.

Be it known that l, MAX .l Vissiivonn, siding at Essen, Germany, a citizen of the German Republic, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Electrical Control Apparatus, (for which I have tiled application in Germany March 16, 1918), of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus particularly intended for the adjustment of a distant continuous current meter. In known apparatus of this kind, the armature brushes of the motor, which is to be adjusted,are shifted out of the position of rest into the running position by means of an auxiliary 1n otor, ait'ter whichthey have tobe returned to the position of rest by the motor armature itself. This circumstance precludes the employment of normal continuous cur rent motors, renders the working of the motor without sparking diilicult and in the case of large motors requires a considerable expenditure of power to adjust the brushes. The object or this invention is to provide an apparatus of the kind herein before mentioned, which is free from the disadvantages of the known apparatus and is distinguished in addition to its great simplicity, by its reliable and accurate method of working. The invention also enables the range of adjustment of the continuous current motor to be in *reased to any extent that may be de sired, without the simplicity oi? the apparatus suffering thereby.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 11 and 2 show the diagrams of connections oi two constructions of the invention and y l igure 3 shows diagrammatically the mutual arrangement and connection of the parts of the diagram of connections shown in Figure 2, and chiefly also of the parts shown in the diagram Fig. 1.

The construction shown in Figure 1 will be described first.

A denotes the transmitter and B is the receiver (hereinafter termed the auxiliary motor) or a synchronously working longdistance adjusting apparatus constructed like an alternating current system. Upon the armature shaft t of the auxiliary motor B isfixed a cylindrical body B like a collector. On one half of the outer surface oi the collector bodyB the adjacent collector plates are connected by the'parts of a resistance Z9 while the corresponding plates of the periphery are electrically separated. The plates connected toeach otherby the resistance 5 on the one half are connected to the symmetrically situated plates of the other half by conductors b in the manner shown in the drawing. The two ends of the resistance 6 are connected by two slip rings (not shown) and conductors 6 ,5 to a continuous current main C. Upon the collector B bear two brushes D and D which are situated diametrically opposite each other and are connected to common holder (not shown.) The common holder of the brushes D and D is positively mecha iiically connected to the armature E of a continuone current motor for adjusting an object (e. g. a gun or searchlight) and hereinafter termed the principal motor, so that it rotates with the same angular velocity. The manner in which this may be accomplished mechanically is shown in Fig. 3, though this figure in certain other details refers more particularly to Fig. 2. The

corresponding reference letters in Fig. 3 are however, the same as in Fig. l. The principal motor 18 excited by an exciting wind- 111g E connected to'the main C. To the armature shai't b of the auxiliary motor h are positively connected, by an intermediate gearing similar to that shown for instance in Fig. 3, two cylindrical discs F and G, of suitable non-conducting material, into the outer face of each of which is inserted a set oi. iour conducting contact strips f", 7, f and g", g g grespectively. All con tact strips, which are located diumetrica!1y opposite each other, include similar angles as shown in the drawing, those letters f and g extending over a comparatively small and the others lettered f f" and 9 9* extending over a comparatively large peripheral portion. The ratio of transmis sion between the collector body B and the discs F and Gr is so determined, that aseries of complete revolutions of the collector B corresponds to a single complete revolution oil the disc I and a series of complete revolutions oi the disc F to asingle complete revolution of the disc Gr. The ratios are also so oetermined that the entire range of adjustment of the transmitter A corresponds to one revolution 01 the disc G,

after which the brushes J J which at the beginning of the adjustment bear upon the contact strips 9 have arrived at the contact strips and. rest upon the ends of these contact strips. On each of the discs F and G and contacting therewith in the manner shown in the drawing are a pair of brushes H, H and J, J lOSPGtfilllYGlY, the members oi. each pair being situated diametrically opposite each other an d the width of said brushes slightly exceeding the width of the insulating distance piece between the corresponding contact strips. lhe brushes H, H and also the brushes J, J are re spectively mounted on a common holder, which holders are mechanically positively connected by an intermediate nearing (similar to the manner shown in Fig. with the armature E oi the principal motor so that they rotate in the same direction as this latter. The ratios o't transmission between the holder of the brushes D, D which we have seen, rotates at the some speed as the armature l9 oi? the principal motor, and the holders of the brushes ll, H", and J, J are exactly the some as those between the collector l3 and the discs l and G respectively. ll rom' the brushes D, D which bear upon the collector B conductors (Z and d lead to the short contact strips 7"- and f of the disc F and from the brushes H. and H conductors 7L2 and 72 lead to the corresponding; short Contact strips 9 and of the disc G. The brushes J and J are finally connected by conductors i and '2 to the brushes E and E of the principal motor through slip rin (not shown). The long contact strips 7, 7* and 9"". 5 are connected in suitable manner, for instzincc by means of slip rings (not shown) through crmductors f, f and g, g to the continuous current main 0.

The description out the action of the apparatus will be commenced troin the state of the apparatus shown in the drawing, in which the brushes l), l) are cour ted to the same point o l" the insistence band in. which the brushes ll, ll" and (l, I! assume the i-ing ruhir position in rei-zpect to the discs F and (1" shown in the drawing. in this position of the parts mentioned the an gular position of the armature it of the principal motor corresponds with. the an gular position ot the adjustable part of the transmitter A andv the armature circuit D, (Z 7', iii, if, 9 J, E I), ll, 71*, .l 1, it, Il 7', (1, D 7), D is devoid of current and short circu ited.

It now for the purpose oi? :nljustinp; the

armature l1] and the object connected thercto (e. gr. a gun or a searchlight) a rotation be imparted to the adjustable part oi the transmitter A, this rotation is first taken part in only by the arniuture ot the receiver B and the parts positively connected therewith, namely the collector i and the discs F and .the dimensions of the coi'itact strips o i the disc l are so dotern'iined, that with the ratios of transmission above 1nentioned between the collector l3 and the disc F, the revolution oi collector ll) through an angle of corresponds to a sulli :ient itrzlction of one whole revolution 0'! the disc l", suliicicnt to bring the contact pieces 7", 7' just out of contact with the brushes ll, H At the commencement oi? the rotation oil the collector l9, as the brushes l), D now hear on different points oi the resistance Z), the armature F receives current over et), 7), 72 D, Z 7, H, 7L2, g J, 77 i 1 ll), I), i, J 9", it, ill. 7*, J, D 22*, Y), Z)", U, the or nitude or which current increases with the angle of rotation ol the collector 13 in l'xe proportion. 7. 1s soon as the torque oi the armature E corresponding to th s current and. to the excitation of the principal ino'i'iin E, E is large enough, to oi erconie the mechanicul resistance o'l the arn'intnre end the object which is to be mtliusted, the armature l) is set in motion in the some direction of rotation as the collector B The rotation oi the armature E is taken port in b v the brusl'ies D, D l'l'f and J, J which more in the some direction of rotation, the brushes D, D rotating; with the same angular relocity es the armature l l, while the brushes H, H or l J, J pos" s the a'tios oi trimsmission beitore mom oned correspondinc; to e: 'er angular velocities. As the tiiigzfi'llilr velocity oi" the armature at the commence ment of its 'POiT-iifill is still less than that of the collector this latter will first continue its relative rotation with respect to the rotating in'ushes D, D and the pert oi the i'e'itunce F) which is eil'ectire in the armature circuit will 0 rrespondingly de crease more and more. As soon as the collector U is in advance of the brushes l). l), by an angle o'li 90 in the course ol this relative rotation, and the two ends o l the resistsn'u-e accordingly rest beneath the brushes h the whole of the resistance If is switched out of the armature circuit. .tt the same instant however owing to the ratio of transmission existing between the col lcctor il and the disc l and owing to the dimensions :bovo stated o'l its contact pieces. this disc has arrived in an angular position in which the contact strips 7' f are just out of contact with the brushes Ill, H The circuit leading througzjh the conductors 7/ b and the brushes D, l) to the armature E is therefore ln'olren, but its place is taken by a new circuit, which leads 't'roin the conductors and the contact strips 7, f to the brushes T l, H The replacement ot the one circuit by the other talrcs pl 0 cc without any sparking, as the contact ot' the contact strips f 7 with the ljurushcs H, H broken at the instant at which the contact between the lhii llli'i contact strips 7, f with the brushes H, H is made. As soon as the resistance 6 has thus been completely out out, the armature E attains its full angular velocity. For the sake of simplicity it will. be first assumed that the full angular velocity of the armature E corresponds with the angular velocity of the adjustable part of the transmitter A and the collector B In this case the brushes D,D rotate with the same angular velocity as the collector B the brushes H, H with the same angular velocity as the disc F and the brushes J, J withthe same angular velocity as the disc G, and consequently no further relative rotation takes place between these complementary parts. The rotation of the armature E of the principal motor continues as long as the rotation of the adjustable part of the transmit ter A and consequently also the rotation of the collector B is continued. As soon as the adjustable part of the transmitter A is stopped, the armature of the receiver B and the parts positively connected thereto i. e. the collector B and the discs F and G, also come to rest. During the retardation of the angular velocity of the transmitter A which precedes the stoppage, the angular velocity of the armature E is greater than that of the collector B and the angular velocities of the brushes H, H and J, J accordingly also exceed those of their respective discs F and G. A relative rotation oif the brushes D, D H, H and J, J with respect to the corresponding bodies B F and G" consequently begins in the direction of the arrow :0. During the course of this relative rotation, as. soon as contact between the brushes H, H and the contact strips 7, f ceases, and the brushes H, H have again come in contactwith the contact strips f 7, the current passes through the conductors 71 Z) and the brushes D, D and the circuit connected therewith again takes the place of the circuit through the conductors f, f and contact strips f". f In this case also the replacement of one circuit by the other takes place without the formation of any sparking, as the armature circuit, the instant the contact strips 7, f are switched Oil is again closed, through the contact strips 7, 7. During the further course oi the last mentioned relative rotation the resistance 6 is gradually switched in again and the angular velocity of the armature E is correspondingly reduced. During the course of the switching in of the resistance 6 and as soon as the brushes D, D have again attained the angular position shown in the drawing, in which the entire resistance is switched into the circuit, thearmature E is short-circuited and has consequently so powerful a brake put upon it that it generally comes to rest at once. Should it happen, for instance, in case of quick stoppage of the adjustable part of the transmitter A, that the armature E races under the action of inertia, beyond the short-circuit position, the direction of thecurrent in the armature circuit is reversed and consequently the direction of rotationo'lt' the armature E and of the brushes D, D 'is reversed also. linmediately on the backward rotation of the armature E, which now follows, the brushes D, D have again moved into the angular position with respect to the collector B shownin the drawings, the armature E is again short-circuited and as its angular velocity on its backward movement is only small, it now comes to rest with certainty. Since in the position of rest of the armature'E the relative position ofthe brushes D, D H and J, J with respect of the collector B andthe discs Fand G, is the same as before the commencement of the adjustment of the transmitter A, and as the angle of rotation of the collector B coincides with that of the adjustable part of the transmitter A, the armature E when in its new posltion of rest will have passed over an angular path equal to the angular path of the adjustable part of the transmit ter A.

In the above description of the action of the apparatus it has been assumed for the sake of simplicity, that the angular velocity of the armature E, from the instant the full current is supplied to it through'the conductors 7', f and the contact strips f corresponds with the angular velocity of the adjustable part of the transmitter A, and that accordingly for the subsequent part oi the adjustment of the transmitter and the rotation of the armatureE,'there is no relative movement between the collector B the discs F, G and the brushes D, D H, H and J, J respectively. In practice this will not be the case. On the contrary the rotation of: the armature E will. take place at a speed which. is different e. less than the angular velocity of the collector B In this case, the collector B and also the discs F and G will rotate more rapidly than their respec tive brushes D,D Il, ll and .l, J". and consequently the contact pieces f" 7 will :[inally be brought out of contact with the brushes H, H before the system is brought to rest. The ratio of transmission between the discs F and G and the dimensions of the contact strips of the disc G are such that at the instant of separation of the contact pieces 7, f and of the, brushes H, H the disc G has rotated through an angle at which the contact strips 9 9 have come into contact with the brushes J, J and in which the contact between the contact strips and the brushes J, J ceases. Thus the formerly existing circuit through the conductors f, the contact strips 7, f and the brushes H, H. is therefore broken and. its place is Cir iv the new circuit through the c ll-- ductor, g the contact strips .7 and the brushes J. J. On the stoppage of the t 'ansniitter A. the collector B and the discs 1 and i corne to rest at once, but the armature E, on the contrary, which Ot'illg to its slow rotation has lagged several riwohrtions behiiul the angular position ot the trinsmitt A, continues its rotation together with the brushes D, D H, H and d J positively connected thereto it their respective ratios. During the course of this continued rotation the circuit through the conductors g, g, the contact strips g, and. the brushes J, J will be replaced again in a manner similar to that previously described with *espect to the circuit through the conductors f f, the contact strips f. f and the brushes H, H Duringthe further rotation of the arn'uiture E the circuit through the conductors f 7" the contact strips f, f and the brushes H, H will then, as already described, be replaced by the circuit through the. conductors Z), 7) the resists nce 7i" and the brushes l), l?" and the armature ll finally comics to rest anc all the brushes assume the angular position, with respect to the discs G and F and the collection-lile body B shown in the drawing. fit this ins ant however the motor 1'] has traversed an angular path which. for the reasons already given, is exactly equal to the angular path of the adjustable part of the trai smitter.

The second construction, illustr in l igures 2 and 3, di'l'lers from the l" struction above described, in the arrunggo ment of the collector B and the brushes bearing thereon. In this construction the collector B arfienged stationary and as is shown. in. Figure 2, provided with a closed resistance ()n the collector segments. to which the individual units of resistance 71 are connected bear tour brushes I), 7) and Y), which are tired on a common holder rigidly connectel to the ermatuie shult 7% ol the :iuxiliar motor B. Two ot these brushes i. e. 0 and I)" are connected by p rings (not shown) and by the conductors 72", 7) to the continuous current main (l, and the remaining two brushes 7) and are connected together by a. coiuluctor b. There also be: r on the stationery collector 1'3 ivvo brushes 1 D" situated diametricnlly oppo site each other and mounted on a common holder fixed on the shait oi? the armature i l of the principal motor. The cmistruciiou and arrangement of the principal motor it, the discs i and G and also of the (()l'i0* spendingbrushes E It H, l: 1 and J, J corresponds with the con :ruction and arrange-- ment of the corresponding parts o'l the mod i,- fication snown in Fig. l. and described hereinbetore. In l igure 23 which shows the arrangement and connection oil the parts of the diagram oi eijuiiuection iron in denotes the t aumni.

i Lmi iliar x motor working); as svnclu-ouims receiver, 72 is the armature shall oi {hr an.

Z1 whim serves to drive the di h m 3 by means; o5? two worm gear-in w i d b 0 in a corresponding 1 nuer the sha i i;

0" ot the pri ipal notor E is. connected, h merms of an nter zd' r piucine' ring, ii -i .vh'ich reduces in the same rutio, to n snuf c which by 1 :we rm pjeiirin s 723 and c, 1" serves to drivr the bri H and. J, l fixed to the holdc w-r 7 The ratios oi trunsuiission of ti gears Z1 f and c 71f are equal to curb other and a whole multiple oi the relics oi transmission nvise equal to each other) of the worm grcarings 7; and r 'i. the angular velocities o the r "nature b and c are equal the dish i and yiethcr with the corrcspoiulino brushes there-- fore also rotate with the same angular velocity.

As soon as the erlnature sl l oi the iiuxiliar g' motor ll is .raused to rotate h the l n ot the adjustable part oi the trun' l'er the brushes D l). 7), h" be:

mil

on the stationary collector ti 1" id e.

discs l3 and G positively coru'iectet 105 ture shaft 7) (see lligure 3) t: :iis ro"ation, while the ari iaturc cipa in itor and conseoneutl the .iru:--hcs i" toggjci ur with the brushes l I I and positively connected to the arnraturr it 1" remain at rest. The armature l-l. irh \vus, prcvi'zuuilr devoid oi current and short-viralited by the brushes 71" ccives at ihc some time a current through the brushes 715. o" the resistan e 0' and the T bri'ishcs l), l) and as soon as motor torque exceeds the mechanical resistance of the ur nurture and oi? the object to be adjusted. the said armature also starts and sets the object to be adjusted in rota lion. (in the iLU't-liel' .rotatioi'i and stoppage ot' the adji i-rtablc part of the transuiittcr Jr the actions in the circuit and the nu'ivenicnt oi? the armature it take place in the same manner described with. reference to Fig. l. and need not there- 1 ilore be ain described in detail. it is suilicient to point out that the armat no it of his. 1)

traversed by the adjustable part of the transmitter and therefore all the brushes again assume the mutual angular positions shown in the drawing in which. the armature E is devoid oil? current and short-circuited.

Cla msa 1. in an electrical apparatijistor control of a direct current motor the cinnljiination with an operating device; a source of current for said motor, a starting resistance element adjustable by said operating device and -conwith two oppositely disposed pairs of segments, one pair being of large size and being directly connected to said current source, the other pair being of smaller size and being); connected to said resistance brushes, 0ppositely disposed contact brushes rotatable on said commutating device and geared to the motor armature in a relation similar to that of the commutator disk to the operating device, and electrical connection between said commutator brushes and the motor armature, the relative sizes between the two c ommutator segment pairs, and the relative I between the commutator and the opn device being suchthat t e -mmutator l'YIUSl'lGS remain in contact with re infill size segment pairs until the operating device has adjusted the resistance element from zero potential at its brushes to the maximum potential, whereafter the commutator brushes come into contact with the large commutator segments to receive the full current directly from said source.

f3. in a control device of the character described the combination of amotor to be controlled, a source oi current, an operating device and a resistance element adapted to be adjusted by said operating device, of a plurality of commutator discs (F, G) each having a pair 01 oppositely disposed small and large contact segments, and means for i-otal'in5;- said discs from said operating; device whereby the rotation speed oi the first disc (F) is a submultiple or the speed of the operating device, and thespeed of the second disc a submultiple of the speed oi the first disc, the large segments of each disc being connected directly to said source of current, an oppositely disposed pair of brushes for each disc, the brushes (J, J of the second disc being directly connected to the motor armature, the brushes (H, H of the first disc being connected to the small segments of the second disc, an oppositely disposed pair of brushes (D, D disposed on said resistance element and beingconnected to the short segments of the first disc and being directly rotatable by said motor on said element, the disc brushes being also geared to said motor at the same respective ratios astheir complementary discs are geared to each other, whereby during the rotation of the system the disc brushes (J, J remain on the small segments of their disc, so long as the brushes (H, 1-1 of the first disc assume relation to their disc segments in which the original direction oi current flow to the motor is preserved, whereas the disc brushes (J, J move into contact with-their large disc segments, as soon as the brushes (H, H of the first disc arrive in a position relatively to their disc segments, in which this original direction of current flow is disturbed.

3. In a control device of the character described the combination of an adustable transmitter element, a motor to be controlled, a receiving operating device near said -motor and connections between said transmitter and said receiving device, a source of current and a resistance element adapted to be adjusted by said operating device, of a plurality of commutator discs (F, each have a pair of oppositely disposed small and large contact segments, and means for rotating said discs from said operating disc whereby the rotation speed of the first disc is a submultiple of the speed of the operating device, and the speed of the second disc (G) a submultiple of the speed of the first disc, the large segments of each disc being connected directly to said source of current, an oppositely disposed pair of brushes for each disc, the brushes (J, J oi' the second disc being directly connected to the motor armature, the brushes (H, H of the first disc being connected to the small segments of the second disc, an oppositely disposed pair of brushes (D, D disposed on said resistance element and being connected to the short segments of the first disc and being rotatable by said motor on said element, the disc brushes being also geared to said motor at the same respective ratios as their complementary disc are geared to each other,rwhereby during the rotation of the system the disc brushes (J,

J remain onthe small segments of their disc, so long as the brushes (H, H of the first disc assume a relation to their disc segments in which the original direction of current flow to the motor is preserved, whereas the disc brushes (J, J move into contact with their large disc segments, as soon as the brushes H, H of the first disc arrive in a position relatively to their disc segments, in which this original direction of current flow is disturbed, the relative speed ol. rotation of the second. disc to the motor speed eing such that when the range limit of transmitter adjnstn'ient reached the brushes (J, J) of said disc have arrived near the ends oi. the large segments of said disc.

rt. l n comb nation with a direct current motor, a source of supply, a resistance element, a control switching means lior variahly conneoti 11g a. motor to the line through said resistance elen'ient said switching means '-on1p1.'isin a plurality 0'! contacts movable with l'OSpGci) to said resistai'ice element and a second switching means ()PQl'ittlY'Ulj conlit-(toil with said first switching;- means for antomatirally connectingszrid motor to the line, direct, on a given relative movement of said contacts, with respect to said resistance element.

In combination with a direct current motor. a source of supply, a resistance element, a control switching nieans 'l'or variably connecting a motor to the line through said resistance element, said switching means comprising a plurality of contacts movable with respect to said resistance element, and asecond switching means operatively con nected with said first switching means for automatically wnnecting said motor to the line, direct, on a given relative movement of? said contacts, with respect to said resistance element, said second switching means also having one of the switching elements controlled by the motion of said motor.

The 'lioregoil'ig specification signed at Essen, Germ any, this 27th day of May, 1920.

MAX \Vlfj SING Ell. In presence of Harts GOTTSMANN, Jesnr li nR'rz. 

